As the War Between the States entered its fourth calendar year, both sides in this costly conflict were faced with shortages of manpower. Casualties, both from combat and sickness, had been massive for both sides.
With civil war looming in 1861, the rebellious Confederate States of America had asked the men with whom they were building their armies to volunteer for a twelve-month commitment. But in reality, this would mean that in the spring of 1862, the Confederate army could have conceivably disappeared while the rebellious southern states still struggled to become a separate nation.